Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Tailoring nanotopography and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate bone grafts via fluoride incorporation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cell proliferation of SaOS-2 cells onto the different CaP discs for 4 h, 7, 14 and 21 days. (b) ALP activity of SaOS-2 cells cultured onto the CaP substrates for 4 h, 7, 14 and 21 days. The same letter indicates no statistically significant differences for the same group at different time points while the same number denotes no statistically significant differences for each time point among all samples. (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: SaOS-2 cell line (HTB-85), RAW 264.7 cell line (TIB-71), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Tailoring nanotopography and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate bone grafts via fluoride incorporation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Merged CLSM images of SaOS-2 cells cultured for 4 h and 7 days on the nanostructured CaP substrates, as well as the Flat and Ti controls. Actin filaments were stained with Alexa Fluor™ 546 phalloidin (orange fluorescence signal) and nuclei with DAPI (blue fluorescence signal).

Article Snippet: SaOS-2 cell line (HTB-85), RAW 264.7 cell line (TIB-71), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Tailoring nanotopography and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate bone grafts via fluoride incorporation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) mRNA expression of osteogenic genes ALPL, RUNX2 and SPP1 of SaOS-2 cells cultured directly onto the CaP substrates for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, determined by real-time PCR (n = 3). (b) Interaction of RAW 246.7 cells with treated discs up to 7 days in cell culture. i) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF, IL1B and IL6 of cells in the direct cell culture, determined by real-time PCR for 1, 3 and 7 days (n = 3). All values are relativized to values of cells at day 1. ii) Protein expression level after 7 days of direct cell culture on the treated discs, measured by inflammation antibody array. Values of protein signal are quantified by image analysis and relativized to control. In Fig. a) and bi), the same letter indicates no statistically significant differences for the same group at different time points while the same number denotes no statistically significant differences for each time point among all samples. (p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: SaOS-2 cell line (HTB-85), RAW 264.7 cell line (TIB-71), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ab Array, Control

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Tailoring nanotopography and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate bone grafts via fluoride incorporation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-culture of P. aeruginosa and SaOS-2 cells on the nanostructured CaP discs, as well as Flat and Ti controls. a) Merged CLSM images of: i) a pre-implantation infection model, where the samples were first incubated for 6 h with P. aeruginosa and subsequently SaOS-2 cells were cultured for 24 h; or ii) post-implantation infection model, where SaOS-2 cells were first cultured for 24 h on the substrates, which were subsequently incubated for 6 h with P. aeruginosa . Actin filaments were stained with Alexa Fluor™ 546 phalloidin (orange fluorescence signal) and the nuclei with DAPI (blue fluorescence signal). (b) Orthogonal CLSM images showing simultaneous co-visualization of cells and bacteria stained with Alexa Fluor™ 546 phalloidin (orange fluorescence signal), the nuclei with DAPI (blue fluorescence signal) and SYTO-9 (green fluorescence signal). (c) Dead percentage of P. aeruginosa onto the different CaP substrates and the controls, for both the pre-implantation infection i) and the post-implantation ii) infection models. n = 3; ns and ∗ indicate significance at p > 0.05 and p ≤ 0.05, respectively.

Article Snippet: SaOS-2 cell line (HTB-85), RAW 264.7 cell line (TIB-71), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Infection, Incubation, Cell Culture, Staining, Fluorescence, Bacteria

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Biphasic Bone Implants through Hybrid Extrusion Printing of Thermoplastic Poly(lactic- co -glycolic) acid and Strontium-Modified Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c12496

Figure Lengend Snippet: Monophasic SrCPC and PLLA–PGA scaffolds and biphasic PLLA–PGA/SrCPC scaffolds seeded with SAOS-2. Printed scaffolds used for cell culture experiments; scale bars = 2 mm (a). Overview fluorescence microscopic images of scaffolds seeded with 5 × 10 5 cells/scaffold after 1 and 14 days of cultivation (b); adherent cells were stained with DAPI (cell nuclei; blue) and phalloidin (actin cytoskeletons; green), scale bars = 500 μm, C = cement (SrCPC), P = polymer (PLLA–PGA). Cell attachment and density on SrCPC and PLLA–PGA strands in monophasic and biphasic scaffolds seeded with 5 × 10 5 cells/scaffold (c) or 5 × 10 4 cells/scaffold (d). Detailed fluorescence microscopic images of scaffolds after 1 and 14 days of cultivation. Cells were stained with DAPI (cell nuclei; blue) and phalloidin (actin cytoskeletons; green). Scale bars = 100 μm.

Article Snippet: The osteoblast-like cell line SaOS-2 (ATCC 243; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) was used to study the cell response to biphasic scaffolds in a direct contact culture.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Staining, Polymer, Cell Attachment Assay

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Biphasic Bone Implants through Hybrid Extrusion Printing of Thermoplastic Poly(lactic- co -glycolic) acid and Strontium-Modified Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c12496

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell growth and ALP activity of SAOS-2 cells cultured on monophasic SrCPC and PLLA–PGA scaffolds in comparison with biphasic PLLA–PGA/SrCPC scaffolds. Cell number was correlated with the cytosolic LDH activity measured after cell lysis (a), and the ALP activity as an indicator of osteogenic differentiation is shown as absolute activity per scaffold (b) and as specific activity in relation to the cell number (c) ( n = 3, mean ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The osteoblast-like cell line SaOS-2 (ATCC 243; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) was used to study the cell response to biphasic scaffolds in a direct contact culture.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Comparison, Lysis